Not really. They'd have to be deep earthquakes (which is why I thought explosives). You might need to drill really, really deep holes, send some explosives down, and then let it rip. This would have the added effect of cracking rock, which might allow magma from deep down to move upward. Sending some sort of lubricant down as well to reduce friction between rocks would also work. That would be a series of smaller earthquake though it could trigger a big one. Really, large or small, your goal is get crack something and create a weak spot that makes it easier for magma to flow upward.

Seismic instruments would record the explosion first (which has a different seismic signal than earthquakes). Then you should get the earthquake signal (or just the earthquake signal if you're using lube). Then you'd want to wait a while because what you want to see next is an earthquake swarm. This is a series of very small, deep earthquakes that are closely spaced (sometimes within a few minutes of each other). It's what you get when magma is moving around under a volcano. It basically lets you know things are working.